Assents · Practice
Syllogism القِيَاس
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Question 1
Minor premise: Every human is animal. Major premise: Every animal is mortal. Which figure is this?
The middle term (“animal”) is the predicate of the minor premise and subject of the major, which makes this the first figure.
See: Figure, Middle term
Question 2
Minor premise: Every human is animal. Major premise: No mortal is animal. Which figure is this?
The middle term (“animal”) is the predicate of both premises, which makes this the second figure.
See: Figure, Middle term
Question 3
Minor premise: Every animal is human. Major premise: Every animal is mortal. Which figure is this?
The middle term (“animal”) is the subject of both premises, which makes this the third figure.
See: Figure, Middle term
Question 4
Minor premise: Every animal is human. Major premise: Every mortal is animal. Which figure is this?
The middle term (“animal”) is the subject of the minor premise and predicate of the major, which makes this the fourth figure.
See: Figure, Middle term
Question 5
Minor premise: Every human is animal. Major premise: Every animal is mortal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
This is a productive mood of figure 1. The conclusion is the strongest that follows: universal affirmative, which follows the weaker premise.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism
Question 6
Minor premise: Some human is animal. Major premise: No animal is mortal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
This is a productive mood of figure 1. The conclusion is the strongest that follows: particular negative, which follows the weaker premise.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism
Question 7
Minor premise: No human is animal. Major premise: Every animal is mortal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
In figure 1: The minor premise must be affirmative. That condition is not met here.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism
Question 8
Minor premise: Every human is animal. Major premise: Some animal is mortal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
In figure 1: The major premise must be universal. That condition is not met here.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism
Question 9
Minor premise: No human is animal. Major premise: Every mortal is animal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
This is a productive mood of figure 2. The conclusion is the strongest that follows: universal negative, which follows the weaker premise.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism
Question 10
Minor premise: Every human is animal. Major premise: No mortal is animal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
This is a productive mood of figure 2. The conclusion is the strongest that follows: universal negative, which follows the weaker premise.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism
Question 11
Minor premise: Every human is animal. Major premise: Every mortal is animal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
In figure 2: The premises must differ in quality (one affirmative, one negative). That condition is not met here.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism
Question 12
Minor premise: Some human is animal. Major premise: Not every mortal is animal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
In figure 2: The major premise must be universal. That condition is not met here.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism
Question 13
Minor premise: Every animal is human. Major premise: Every animal is mortal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
This is a productive mood of figure 3. The conclusion is the strongest that follows: particular affirmative, which follows the weaker premise.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism
Question 14
Minor premise: Some animal is human. Major premise: Every animal is mortal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
This is a productive mood of figure 3. The conclusion is the strongest that follows: particular affirmative, which follows the weaker premise.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism
Question 15
Minor premise: No animal is human. Major premise: Every animal is mortal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
In figure 3: The minor premise must be affirmative. That condition is not met here.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism
Question 16
Minor premise: Some animal is human. Major premise: Not every animal is mortal. What follows? (Judge the form, not whether the premises are true.)
In figure 3: At least one of the premises must be universal. That condition is not met here.
See: Figure, Conjunctive syllogism