المَنْطِق
Learn manṭiq, the classical logic of the madrasa
A rule-governed instrument that protects the mind from error in thinking, taught from al-Abharī's Īsāghūjī: every term with its Arabic, in the order of the text.
- 26 terms
- 6 chapters
- 3 parts
Introduction (al-muqaddima)
Introduction
Introduction المُقَدِّمَة
What logic is, and why knowledge divides into conception and assent.
Part I · Conceptions (al-taṣawwurāt)
Part I
Conceptions التَّصَوُّرَات
How we grasp a meaning: utterances, universals and definition, leading to the defining statement (al-qawl al-shāriḥ).
Chapter 1 · Utterances and signification
الأَلْفَاظ وَالدَّلَالَة- Utterance · al-lafẓUp nextاللَّفْظ
- Signification by correspondence · dalālat al-muṭābaqaUp nextدَلَالَةُ المُطَابَقَة
- Signification by inclusion · dalālat al-taḍammunUp nextدَلَالَةُ التَّضَمُّن
- Signification by implication · dalālat al-iltizāmUp nextدَلَالَةُ الالْتِزَام
- Universal · al-kullīUp nextالكُلِّيّ
- Particular · al-juzʾīUp nextالجُزْئِيّ
Chapter 2 · The five universals
الكُلِّيَّات الخَمْسChapter 3 · Definition
التَّعْرِيفPart II · Assents (al-taṣdīqāt)
Part II
Assents التَّصْدِيقَات
How we judge something true or false: propositions and argument, leading to the proof (al-ḥujja).
Chapter 4 · Propositions
القَضَايَاChapter 5 · Syllogism
القِيَاسPart III · The five arts (al-ṣināʿāt al-khams)
Part III
The five arts الصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس
Arguments judged by the matter of their premises: from demonstration, which yields certainty, to sophistry, which only seems to.