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The five arts · Practice
The five arts الصِّنَاعَات الخَمْس
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Question 1
An argument built only from certain premises belongs to which art?
Only demonstration is built from certain premises, and only it yields certainty.
See: Demonstration
Question 2
“Justice is good, so …”: an argument from such widely accepted premises belongs to which art?
Widely accepted (mashhūr) and conceded premises are the matter of dialectic.
See: Dialectic
Question 3
A preacher persuades with premises taken on trust from a respected person. Which art is this?
Premises accepted on trust or merely probable are the matter of rhetoric.
See: Rhetoric
Question 4
Calling wine “liquid ruby” to make it attractive belongs to which art?
Imaginative premises that move the soul are the matter of poetics.
See: Poetics
Question 5
An argument from false premises that look like true ones belongs to which art?
Resembling and estimative premises are the matter of sophistry.
See: Sophistry
Question 6
“The whole is greater than its part.” What kind of certain premise is this?
الكُلُّ أَعْظَمُ مِنَ الجُزْءِ
The mind affirms it as soon as it conceives its terms: a first principle.
See: Certain premises
Question 7
“We are hungry.” What kind of certain premise is this?
Known by inner perception: an observation.
See: Certain premises
Question 8
“Wine intoxicates.” What kind of certain premise is this?
Known through repeated experience: experiential.
See: Certain premises
Question 9
“The light of the moon comes from the sun.” What kind of certain premise is this?
Reached by a sudden insight from the moon's changing shape: intuitive.
See: Certain premises
Question 10
“Mecca exists”, for someone who has never been there. What kind of certain premise is this?
Reported by so many that agreement on a lie is impossible: widely transmitted.
See: Certain premises
Question 11
“Four is even.” What kind of certain premise is this?
Its proof comes with it, since four divides into two equal halves.
See: Certain premises