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Induction and analogy
al-istiqrāʾ wa-l-tamthīl
الاسْتِقْرَاء وَالتَّمْثِيل
Induction (istiqrāʾ) infers a universal judgement from examining its particulars; analogy (tamthīl) carries a judgement from one particular to another because of a shared feature.
Second readingFrom the commentariesDraft · awaiting review
Explanation
Complete induction, covering every particular, gives certainty; incomplete induction gives only probability.
Analogy is what jurists call qiyās; in logic it yields probability, not certainty.
Also written as: istiqra, tamthil, induction, analogy.
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