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Conditional proposition

al-sharṭiyya

الشَّرْطِيَّة

A conditional proposition (sharṭiyya) is made of two propositions joined by a relation of connection or of separation.

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Explanation

Its first part is the antecedent (muqaddam), its second the consequent (tālī). It is either connective (muttaṣila) or disjunctive (munfaṣila).

Also written as: shartiyya, hypothetical proposition.

In the text

وَهِيَ إِمَّا حَمْلِيَّةٌ كَقَوْلِنَا: زَيْدٌ كَاتِبٌ، وَإِمَّا شَرْطِيَّةٌ مُتَّصِلَةٌ كَقَوْلِنَا: إِنْ كَانَتِ الشَّمْسُ طَالِعَةً فَالنَّهَارُ مَوْجُودٌ، وَإِمَّا شَرْطِيَّةٌ مُنْفَصِلَةٌ كَقَوْلِنَا: الْعَدَدُ إِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ زَوْجًا أَوْ فَرْدًا.It is either categorical, as in “Zayd is a writer”; or conditional and connective, as in “If the sun has risen, it is day”; or conditional and disjunctive, as in “A number is either even or odd.”وَالْجُزْءُ الأَوَّلُ مِنَ الْحَمْلِيَّةِ يُسَمَّى: مَوْضُوعًا، وَالثَّانِي: مَحْمُولًا؛ وَالْجُزْءُ الأَوَّلُ مِنَ الشَّرْطِيَّةِ يُسَمَّى: مُقَدَّمًا، وَالثَّانِي: تَالِيًا.The first part of a categorical is called the subject and the second the predicate; the first part of a conditional is called the antecedent and the second the consequent.

Related terms

Practise

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Next: Connective conditional المُتَّصِلَة